A virus can’t survive on its own. It needs a hosts cell to live. Viruses use the hosts cells to replicate themselves and get nutrients. If they were just left in the big wide world by themselves they’d die as they wouldn’t be able to do anything by themselves.
Bacteria are single celled organisms. They contain all their own machinery to keep themselves alive and whilst they prefer to live in certain environments they don’t need another organism around to survive.
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